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Botrytis allii
''Botrytis allii'' is a plant pathogen, a fungus that causes neck rot in stored onions (''Allium cepa'') and related crops. Its teleomorph is unknown, but other species of ''Botrytis'' are anamorphs of ''Botryotinia'' species.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Botrytis allii'' Munn )〕 The species was first described scientifically by Mancel Thornton Munn in 1917.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=3358&Fields=All )〕
==Biology==
There are seven different species of ''Botrytis'' associated with onions in storage but the rot induced by ''B. allii'' and ''B. aclada'' causes the greatest commercial loss. The two can be distinguished microscopically; the conidia of ''B. allii'' have a maximum length of 15 μm and mean size of 10.2 × 5.7 μm, while the conidia of ''B. aclada'' have a maximum length of 12 μm and mean size of 8.6 × 4.6 μm. The infection is present in the field but does not manifest itself until after harvest, however there may be a falling off of vigour while the crop is still growing, particularly in cool, moist weather. In the stored crop, the rot typically starts in the neck of the bulb but can occur in other parts if there is physical injury.〔 The scales inside the bulb become progressively translucent and watery and a mycelium develops between them. A mass of grey conidiophores and conidia develop on the mycelium and blackish sclerotia form at the site of the initial infection.〔
In onion crops grown for the production of seed, ''Botrytis allii'' can cause spotting and girdling of the stipe (stem) and develop on the sheath that protects the inflorescence and on the flowers themselves. Concentric grey rings may form as the fungus sporulates and the crop may lodge (become flattened).〔
It has been shown that a major source of the pathogen is infected seed. In 1973, 71% of commercially available seed was found to be contaminated and the infection was found to persist for over three years in seeds being stored. In the seedling, infection with ''B. allii'' does not produce any symptoms, but the fungus spreads between plants as the conidiophores release spores into the air. The leaf tips are invaded first, the infection spreading down the leaves and into the neck of the bulb where its presence only becoming apparent when the foliage dies down at the end of the season.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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